Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium Hydroxide
CAS: 1309-42-8;1909-42-8;12195-86-7;13760-51-5
Molecular Formula: H2MgO2
Magnesium Hydroxide - Names and Identifiers
Magnesium Hydroxide - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | H2MgO2 |
| Molar Mass | 58.32 |
| Density | 2,36 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 350 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 100℃ at 760mmHg |
| Water Solubility | 0.9 mg/100 mL (18 ºC) |
| Solubility | Soluble in dilute acids. Practically insoluble in water |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Specific Gravity | 2.36 |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Solubility Product Constant(Ksp) | pKsp: 11.25 |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.030', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.025'] |
| Merck | 14,5670 |
| PH | 10.4(1 mM solution);10.4(10 mM solution);10.4(100 mM solution) |
| Storage Condition | Room Temperature |
| Stability | Stable. |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive |
| MDL | MFCD00011104 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 350°C water-soluble 0.9 mg/100 mL (18°C) |
| Use | Used as an analytical reagent and also used in the pharmaceutical industry |
Magnesium Hydroxide - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | OM3570000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-9 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28161000 |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in rat: 8500mg/kg |
Magnesium Hydroxide - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Sodium carbonate Magnesium sulfate anhydrous Magnesium oxide |
| Downstream Products | Magnesium hexafluorosilicate Magnesium bromide Magnesium peroxide |
Magnesium Hydroxide - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White Crystal or powder. Soluble in dilute acid and ammonium salt solution, almost insoluble in water and alcohol. Easy to absorb carbon dioxide in the humid environment. When heated to 200 ° C. Or higher in an alkaline solution, it becomes a hexagonal crystal. Decomposition into magnesium oxide and water at 230 °c. Above 500 °c, water is lost to magnesium oxide. The aqueous solution is alkaline, pH 9.5~10.5.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Magnesium Hydroxide - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
pure brine (treated to remove sulfate, carbon dioxide, a small amount of boron and other impurities) was used as the raw material, and ammonia water was used as the precipitant to carry out the precipitation reaction in the reactor. Before the reaction, add a certain amount of crystal seed, fully stir, react at 40 ℃, add flocculant after the end of the reaction, after the precipitate is filtered, washed, dried and crushed, finished magnesium hydroxide was obtained. Alternatively, the reaction is carried out in the reactor from a magnesium oxide solution with a certain concentration of aqueous ammonia. The resultant was washed, settled, filtered, separated, dried, and pulverized to obtain magnesium hydroxide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:24
Magnesium Hydroxide - Introduction
Soluble in dilute acid and ammonium salt solution, when there is water, it can absorb carbon dioxide. Almost insoluble in water (1:80000), insoluble in alcohol, slightly alkaline in water. The water slurry pH is 9.5-10.5. It's irritating.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:13:11
Magnesium Hydroxide - Use
Open Data Verified Data
magnesium hydroxide is an excellent flame retardant for plastic and rubber products. In terms of environmental protection as a flue gas desulfurization agent, can replace the caustic soda and lime as a neutralizer of acid containing wastewater. Also used as oil additives, play a role in corrosion and desulfurization. In addition, can also be used in the electronics industry, medicine, sugar refining, as insulation materials and manufacturing other magnesium salt products.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:24
Magnesium Hydroxide - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
woven packing lined with plastic bags, 25kg net weight per bag. Should be stored in a cool, dry warehouse. With inorganic acids and strong bases and deliquescent and other items Isolation storage. Protection against rain and moisture during transport. When loading and unloading should be light to prevent packaging damage. Fire can be suppressed with water.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:01:48
Magnesium Hydroxide - Reference Information
| pH indicator color change ph range | 9.5 - 10.5 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| main uses | magnesium hydroxide is an excellent flame retardant for plastic and rubber products. In terms of environmental protection, as a flue gas desulfurizer, it can replace caustic soda and lime as a neutralizer for acid-containing wastewater and an adsorbent for heavy metals. In addition, it can also be used in the electronics industry, medicine, sugar refining, as thermal insulation materials and manufacturing other magnesium salt products. Magnesium hydroxide is used as an absorbent for flue gas desulfurization. Before the 1970s, most of the flue gas desulfurization was done by sodium hydroxide and lime gypsum. Due to the secondary pollution caused by by-products to the environment, magnesium hydroxide has been used since the 1980s. Acid wastewater neutralizer; The flame retardants of synthetic resins used to be bromine, phosphorus, chlorine and inorganic salt systems. In these products, aluminum hydroxide was mostly used, and now magnesium hydroxide has been used, mainly using magnesium hydroxide in thermoplastic resin can increase the dehydration and decomposition temperature to above 350 ℃; medicine is used as a gastric acid control agent and laxative; food additive, used as mineral additive, color protection agent, desiccant, Alkaline agent, sugar auxiliary; used as chemical reagent to measure ammonium salt: Mg(OH)2 2NH4Cl → MgCl2 2NH4OH. This product has the advantages of smokeless, non-toxic, non-corrosive, cheap and easily available, and the temperature of the water released by decomposition is higher than that of aluminum hydroxide. It is more suitable for the requirements of high temperature processing plastics. Magnesium hydroxide can be used as flame retardant for polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, EPDM, unsaturated polyester and other plastics and rubbers. It can also be used as a flame retardant for coatings. |
| antacids | antacids refer to drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice. antacids can be used for hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The ideal antacid drug should have strong antacid effect and long-term effect, and it is best not to produce carbon dioxide when neutralizing gastric acid, and not to be absorbed from the digestive tract. Even if it is absorbed, it should be harmless. According to whether it is absorbed by the digestive tract, antacids are divided into absorbent antacids and non-absorbent antacids. Magnesium hydroxide is a non-absorbent antacid drug. This kind of drug is not absorbed by the digestive tract at all, or only absorbs a very small amount, so it has no systemic effect. Magnesium hydroxide has a similar effect to magnesium oxide. It reacts slowly with hydrochloric acid and has a long-lasting effect. Magnesium hydroxide, which does not react with hydrochloric acid but stays in the stomach, can react with newly secreted hydrochloric acid. It has the same laxative effect as magnesium oxide. |
| magnesium hydroxide flame retardant | magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic flame retardant filler for polymer-based composites with good application prospects. Like aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide flame retardant plays a flame retardant effect by chemical decomposition to absorb heat and release water when heated. Therefore, it has the advantages of non-toxic, low smoke and stable chemical properties of magnesium oxide generated after decomposition, and does not produce secondary pollution. However, compared with halogen-containing organic flame retardants, in order to achieve considerable flame retardant effect, the filling amount should generally reach more than 50%. Because magnesium hydroxide is inorganic, the compatibility between the surface and the polymer base material is poor. If the surface modification treatment is not carried out on such a high filling amount, the mechanical properties of the composite material will decrease after being filled into the polymer material. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out surface modification treatment to improve its compatibility with the polymer base material, so that the mechanical properties of the filling material will not decrease, and even part of the mechanical properties of the material will be improved. experiments show that unmodified magnesium hydroxide exists in the form of agglomerates in PP. although the powder itself is extremely fine, due to the incompatibility between the particle surface and PP matrix, there are obvious boundaries or even voids between the particle agglomerates and PP matrix. The void formed by the escape of magnesium hydroxide particles during brittle fracture indicates that unmodified magnesium hydroxide only plays a role of filling and flame retardant in PP, and does not chemically bond with PP. The surface-modified magnesium hydroxide is uniformly dispersed in the PP matrix, and most of the particles are dispersed in the material in the form of primary particles or small agglomerated particles. |
| application prospect | 1. magnesium hydroxide is used for waste water treatment, heavy metal removal, printing and dyeing wastewater treatment, arsenic-containing wastewater treatment, etc. 2. magnesium hydroxide flue gas desulfurization magnesium hydroxide desulfurization is to use magnesium hydroxide as an alkaline desulfurizer to absorb and remove sulfur dioxide in flue gas. Its reaction product MgSO4 is discharged as harmless discharge water without secondary pollution. Magnesium method flue gas desulfurization technology with magnesium hydroxide slurry as absorbent 'has the advantages of high desulfurization efficiency, no solid waste discharge, and not easy to scale 'has many industrial applications in the world 'and may become a new field of large-scale utilization of magnesium salt in China. 3. Magnesium hydroxide is used as a flame retardant. Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic additive flame retardant. When it is decomposed by heat, it releases moisture while absorbing a large amount of latent heat. It reduces the actual flame temperature on the surface of the material. It has the cooling effect of inhibiting polymer decomposition and generating combustible gas. At the same time, the magnesium oxide generated by its decomposition is a good refractory material. It can also help improve the ability of synthetic materials to resist flame. The thermal decomposition temperature of magnesium hydroxide is 340~490 ℃ ‚ basically, it can meet the requirements of many plastics and rubber mixing and processing. Magnesium hydroxide is an environmentally friendly inorganic chemical product' in line with today's sustainable development strategy. This paper only involves a part of the many applications of magnesium hydroxide in China and abroad with high attention 'other such as acid rain soil treatment, feed additives, oil additives, agricultural magnesium fertilizer, biological and pharmaceutical preparations have varying degrees of demand. Therefore, the application prospect of magnesium hydroxide is infinitely optimistic. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolved grams per 100ml of water: 9.628 × 10-4/20 ℃ |
| process flow for preparing magnesium hydroxide by brine-ammonia method | brine purification treatment removes sulfate, carbon dioxide, a small amount of boron and other impurities, uses ammonia water as precipitant to carry out precipitation reaction in the reactor, puts a certain amount of seed crystal before the reaction, and carries out full stirring. The ratio of brine to ammonia is 1:(0.9~0.93), and the temperature is controlled at 40 ℃. After the reaction is completed, flocculant is added, and the precipitate is filtered, washed, dried, and crushed to obtain a finished magnesium hydroxide product. The reaction formula is as follows: MgCl2 2NH3 · H2O → Mg(OH)2 ↓ 2 NH4Cl. the production process flow chart of magnesium hydroxide prepared by brine-ammonia method is as follows: |
| identification test | 5% sample solution was prepared with dilute hydrochloric acid test solution (TS-117), and its magnesium test (IT-21) was positive. |
| content analysis | accurately weigh about 400mg of the sample pre-dried at 105 ℃ for 2h and move it into a conical flask. Add 25.0ml of lmol/L sulfuric acid, after complete dissolution, add several drops of methyl red test solution (TS-149), and titrate excess acid with 1mol/L sodium hydroxide. Subtract 1mol/L sulfuric acid volume equivalent to calcium oxide content (see mass index) in the sample from the volume of consumed 1mol/L sulfuric acid, and the difference is 1mol/L sulfuric acid volume equivalent to Mg(OH)2 content in the sample. Per Ml,1mol/L sulfuric acid is equivalent to Mg(OH)2 29.16mg or CaO28.04 mg. |
| toxicity | ADI is not restricted (FAO/WHO,2001). GRAS(FDA,§ 182.1428,2000). |
| usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984): cocoa powder and sugary cocoa powder, cocoa bean powder, cocoa liquid mass and cocoa oil cake, 5 g/kg (calculated as fat-free cocoa, K2CO3). |
| use | it is used as antacid and laxative in medicine, and can also be used for sugar production and magnesium oxide. magnesium hydroxide is an excellent flame retardant for plastic and rubber products. In terms of environmental protection, as a flue gas desulfurizer, it can replace caustic soda and lime as a neutralizer for acid-containing wastewater. It is also used as an oil additive to prevent corrosion and desulfurization. In addition, it can also be used in the electronics industry, medicine, sugar refining, as thermal insulation materials and manufacturing other magnesium salt products. Sugar refining, pharmaceutical industry. Used as an analytical reagent and also used in the pharmaceutical industry Mainly used as a flame retardant |
| production method | brine-lime method will pre-purified brine and lime milk made of digested and slag removal treatment carry out precipitation reaction in the precipitation tank, add flocculant into the obtained slurry, fully mix, enter the settling tank for separation, and then filter, wash, dry and crush, the finished magnesium hydroxide is produced. Its MgCl2 Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 Mg(OH)2. The brine-ammonia method uses brine that has been purified to remove impurities such as sulfate, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of boron as raw material, and uses ammonia as a precipitant to perform precipitation reaction in a reaction kettle. A certain amount of seed crystal is put into the reaction before the reaction and fully stirred. The ratio of brine to ammonia is 1:(0.9~0.93), and the temperature is controlled at 40 ℃. After the end of the reaction, flocculant is added, and the precipitate is filtered, washed, dried, and crushed to obtain a finished magnesium hydroxide product. Its MgC12 2NH3 · H2O → Mg(OH)2 2NH4Cl This test method needs to improve the yield, shorten the washing cycle, and improve and perfect the production process. The magnesite ore and anthracite or coke are calcined in a shaft kiln to produce magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide. The bitter soil powder is mixed with water into a slurry and reacts with hydrochloric acid of the specified concentration to prepare magnesium chloride solution. The magnesium chloride solution reacts with a certain concentration of ammonia water in the reactor, and the product is washed, settled, filtered and separated, dried, and crushed to obtain magnesium hydroxide products. Surface treatment agent can be added for surface treatment as required. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:47
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Raw Materials for Magnesium Hydroxide
Downstream Products for Magnesium Hydroxide